Electromagnetic valve



Aug. 14, 1934. L FRENCH 1,969,742

ELECTROMAGNET 1C VALVE Filed Feb. 27, 1932 Patented Aug. 14, 1934 1,969,742

UNITEDA 'STATES PA'ITEN'!l FFICE `V 1,969,742 t I Y I ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE Louis 0. French, Milwaukee, epplicatinrgbruary 27, issaserial 310.2595501 14 Claims: (o1. 137-139) A n The invention relates to' electromagnetically'- lever so as totake upall-'vlostfmotion and permit operated valves, and more. particularly to an electhe extremely smallglifts that may be required tromagnetic valve suitable `for use in the fuelr inservice. y f Y feeding or fuel injection-systems offintern'al-come,A `'Ifile-.invention further consists yin the several 5 bustion engines to control directly or indirectly' features hereinaftersetqforth and more particu-` 6 0 the fuel supplied to'such engines. larlydeiined byclaims at the conclusion hereof.

Electromagnetic valvesv ofthe type above set inthe drawing, Fig. l isla side lelevation view forth 'to meet conditions eXacted inservice have of a valveembodying the invention; to be capable'of 'very (fast operation; ne and yfffig. 2is a detailsectionalfview taken on the 10 accurate adjustmentand in thev case'of fuel in line 2&2 of Fig. 1;

jection systems, operate under. high` pressure; Fig.; 3 isa detail lsectional View taken on the The valve of the present invention satises these line3-3 of- Fig 2; -Y v requirements and is an improvement fover the: Fig.'4 is a detail sectional -view taken on the valve shown in my prior application Sen-No'. 477,- line 4 4 of Fig. 3; 1&3 489 filed August25, 1930in that the whole struc- Fig. 5 is a detail sectional viewtakenjon the line 7o ture is rendered more compact, the parts` may 5-5 of Fig. 3;-

be made smaller' and their inertia thereby re-r Fig; 6 is a detailsectional lview taken on-the duced; the valve and its operating lever may be line 6-6 of Fig. 5; Y assembled together and removed asa unit' and 'Fig. 7; is an'enlarged lan-view of one of the 2C. the number of joints to seal against possible'esvalve parts;- f I f 75 cape of fluid have been'reduced. Fig.- 8 is a .detail sectional view similar to Fig.

A further object of the invention is to provid 3, showingA certain modifications, parts being an electromagnetic. valve in which the operating brokenv away; Y lever for the valve is'mounted on aremovable cas- .Figi 9 is' adetail vside elevation view of part 25 ing member forming the guide for the valve and of the operating lever of Fig. 8; v

has a part extending in a direction substantially Fig. 10.is a detail vertical sectional View of -the lengthwise of the valve, the casing member form-v valve assembly showing-certain modications; ing the guide for theA valve'- also 'preferably hav- Fig. 11 is a detail side View of the bracket showning the valve seat member connected'thereto vand inFig. 10.A relative to these features the present application Referring to the-drawing, the numeral 12 desig- 85` is a continuation in part of my prior 'application nates a casing member of suitable non-magnetic Ser. No. 542,435 `iiled June 6,1931.. j materiaLsuch as bronze or `Monel metal, having In connection with' fuel metering valves for a longitudinallyextending passage 13-threadecl engines of small bore the'Y Orice 'controlled by at its upper end and having an external thread 14 g5 the valves arevery small' and in using a needle at its lower end. .A plug or cap nut 15 engages the 90 valve, unless the valve is accurately guided, the upper threaded end-of the passage ,13 and has a needle tends to score the `seat gand one ofthe rshoulder engaging agasket 16 between it and the` objects of the present'invention ispto provide va upperpart-of -thejmember 12- to provide a sealed constructionin which the needle valve guide eX- joint. This cap lhas a centrally disposed opening. tends to a' position adjacent the seat and the 17 threaded to reoeivea pipe for-connection either 95, closing spring acts upon the upper end of the with a source of iiuid supply or place of use. Valve. Y, v i The casing also includes the metalY member 18.

A further object ofthe invention isV to vprovide secured to the, member ,12' by a clamping nut 19. aconstruction in which the weight ofthemov- Thememberl has an extension 20 fitting Q ing parts may be reduced to a very-small amount, in thelower endof the passage 13 ,anA annular 100 by the arrangement hereinafter described.` y iiangen 21, anda body portion` provided with a A further ObJ'BClS 0f the invention S.ff0D1`0ViCle` centrallydisposedguide bore 22 which communi-` a very compact valve-construction in which the catesat one end with a spring recess 23 and at thel closing of the valve maybevaccomplishedbya other en d' wii'.hy av bore 24 threaded to receive fwiiat spring, which preferably may also act in.A a valvefseat.member-. 25.providedwith a pas- 105 conjunction with. parts of the valve tofacilitateA sagezs.; 1 ,i I its adjustment, and further to provide an .ar-

Thetlange 21haseither a carefully ground iit rangement whereby. `the samezispring thatcloses. with the lower Yend ofgthe member 12 to `seal the the valve mayalsobe used to maintainthelenjoint ,between l.the v saine ory a suitable sealing q; gagernent between the-valve and .itsoperating gaslgetlikethe[gasketwmayfbe interposed be- 11p tween these parts and a similar joint is made between this flange 21 and the adjacent annular flange. 27 of the nut 19, which engages the thread 14 to firmly clamp the casing members together.

A needle valve 28 has its stem slidably guided in the bore 22 and seats on the member 25 and controls the ow of fluid through the passage 26. The upper end of the stem is threaded to receive a correspondingly threaded adjustable, stop' or nut member 29 which' may beheld in adjusted position in various ways, as for example bythe lock nut 30 shown in Figs. 3, 6 and 8 or the set screw 31 shown in Fig. 10 and the upper end of'Y the stem may have a kerf 32 thereintoreceive a screw driver or other suitable tool for holding or turning the valve relative to the'nut member in a threaded bore 34 in the engine cylinder '35 or said nut may have flanges 36 apertured to Yreceive studs 3'?` clamping it to the cylinder as shown in Fig. 8.' In Aeitherfcase when the Vvalve opens,

fuel introducedinto the casing willow through the same including the working clearance space of the bore 22 or one-or more ats 39 on the member 28 and through the passage 26 into the engine cylinder, thoughit will be understood that the valve may control passage of fluid into as well as out of the casing and is not to be limited only to use as a fuel injector.

i A multiplying llever 40 is mounted to work in the casing section 12 with its lower endV guided by the sides of a transverseslot 41 formed inv the extension 20 of the member 18 and supported on a pivot`fpin'42`mounted in said extension. This lever has bifurcations 43 having pointedends 44 engaging `a stop'on the valve stem' here formed by the stop'member 29 whose tapered lower end projects into the slot fil. The lever-in the forms n shown in'Figs. Band 10 is constantly held in enrange of one gagernent with said stop member so as to take up allv'lost motion between it'and the valve by a spring 45seated in the recess 23 and engaging the bifurcations 43, it being noted thatl in a valve of this kind the lift of the valve may be within vthe hundredth to'one half va thousandth of aninch. a f

Referring to Figs. 2, 3 and 6 the spring means to close the' valve comprises a spring 46 of flat springA stock secured'as'by rivets'4'7, to the upper 'i angled end i8 of a Vmetal bracket 49 secured to the member 1x8- as by screws 51'),v said spring preferably havingbifurcations 51 which straddle the valve stem and engage diametrically dis- Y posed flatsV 52 formed on the stop member 29 adjacent similarly disposed sides 53 which act as wrench or other tool-engaging surfacesjfor turning or holding said stop member and which while normally spaceda'short distance from thejinner sides `of rthe 'bifurcations fai-'may be engaged thereby by a slight turning movement so that the spring 46 may then act asa wrench'to hold fsaidv nut memberA when underfsome vconditions it is desirable toadjust the rvalve while in assembled. position. The tensionof this "spring exceeds that of the spring-45and its tensionmay be adjusted either by vshirns under its nut en` gaging parts lor by varying lthe angularlty of the,`

bracket end 48 relative tothe valve.y R l In ,the formV shown inFlg. 6 a single 'spring t 54 is used to both'hold the valve in normally closed position and the lever 40 in engagement with the valve and in this instance this spring has bifurcations 55, similar to the bifurcations 51 and similarly associated with the nut member 29, and these bifurcations have extensions 56 which engage inclined shoulders or projections 57 on the operating lever so as to exert a force thereon-tending to swing the forked end of said lever into Vengagement with the stop 29, the arrangement being such that the force exerted by the springen the lever is less than that of said spring on the valve.

'In the form shown in Fig. 10 a coiled spring 58 is interposed between the nut 29 and a tension adjusting nut 59 adjustably mounted in a suitablebracket 60 secured to the member 18 .and locked in adjusted position by a lock nut 61,

Vsaicl'nut 59 having a central opening 62 therein forthe.introduction of a small screw driver to turn the valve for adjustment purposes if desired'. this opening being here shown as threaded to receivean adjustable stop rod 63, engageable with vthe upper end vof .the valve to limit its lita-and heldin adjusted position by a'lock nut 64. f l L' l In each instance'it` will be noted that the valve `and .its operating lever and the spring means associated therewith forming thewhole valve assembly ils-mounted on the member 18 and removable therewith as a unit from'the casing member .12' and that the valve may be ground to its seat ini the member 25 while separated from the member l2, it being noted that-the extension 20 -has `the flats 65 'and 66 formed on it and that the brackets 9 and 60 have nat sides so thatthis assembly may be engaged by a wrench or heldin a. vise when removed from the casing member 12 so that the nozzle or seat member may be removedunder these conditions.

A- The. longerA arm of `the lever 40 extends at one side of the Valve and generally lengthwise thereof and of the passage 13 and has an armature 6'! of soft iron or .steel riveted or otherwise suitably vsecurecl'to the upper end thereof 'which cooperates with an electromagnet that has a pole portion in the casing member 12. The preferred construction of operating electromagnets is one in which rpole pieces 68 have fluid tight engagement with the casing and a'soft iron core 69 secured thereto carries a suitably insulated energizing coil 70.'

'I'he pole pieces`68 are in the form of tapered pins carefully fitted and locked,r by `pins 7l, in correspondinglyV tapered oppositely disposed bores 'l2 in fthe casing v12 and spaced from each other at their inner ends which are finished to the curvature ofthe bore 13 to provide pole faces '73 to cooperate with the correspondingly curved face of the armature 67 and have enlarged heads '74voutside the kcasing slotted to receive the U- H extend slightlyl beyond the same to prevent freezing when direct current is used and may also forma stop to limlt'the inward swinging movement of the'lever as shown inv Fig. 3 or the s top rod 63 shown 'in Fig. l0 may be used in any of the forms for this purpose.`v 'a To Vprevent the member 18 from being rotated and tof'nold itin a position to aline the armature 67 wih the pole faces a key connection such as the pin 77 in the part 20 engaging a groove 78 in the lower end of the casing 12, see Fig. 6, may be'used. As the lift of the valve'depends upon the swing of the lever 40, it is essential that the limits of swing of this leverV be accurately determined. As has been noted above, 'the engagement of end 76 of the armature with theY poles or the valve with the rod 63 limits the outward position of the lever. The adjustment of the stop member 29 on the valve stem limits the inward position of the lever when 'the valve is closed. As an aid in providing for a uniform adjustment for a plurality of valves, each valve assembly may have an indicator such as the pointer or gauge member 79 mounted on the member 18 and cooperating with the upper end of the lever to aline therewith in its predetermined adjusted positi'on', or a pin 80 may be mounted in the member 18 adjacent the lower side of the ange portion 81 of the nut 29 to aline therewith when the lever is in the position to lift the valve the desired amount. The above mentioned gauges permit of the adjustment of the lift ofthe valves outside of their casings though the valves mayalso be adjusted when assembled in thecasings if desired.

In any of the above described constructions when the coil 70 of the electromagnet is energized, the armature 67 will be attracted toward the pole faces 52 of the magnet and thus move the lever 40 so that the forks 43 acting through the stop 29 serve to raise or open the valve 28. Owing to the fact that the distances through which the longer arm of the lever moves may be made verysmall and the leverage may be ve or ten or more to one, the actuallift of the valve may be made extremely small so that very small quantities of fuel may be handled even though this fuel be at pressures of three thousand pounds per square inch or more and this leverage also reduces the work of the electromagnet, so that small relatively light dutyl electromagnets capable of operating at high speed with low current expenditures may be used and this cuts down or substantially eliminates destructive arcing at the switch terminals of the control for the magnet. Furthermore, as the shorter arm of the lever is disposed at an angle to the longer arm and preferably at substantially right angles, the length of the casing is vpractically determined by the length of the longer arm and the parts may be compactly arranged. Also the actuating le,- ver and the valve are free to move within the liquid in the enclosing casing and by the use of the spring means` herein described the lever 40 is held in a position to engage the stop member 29 to facilitate the adjustment, take up lost motion and, in the case of an opposing closing spring, enable a heavier and livelier closing spring to be used since the springs tend to oppose each other. Also the whole valve assembly may be removed from the casing section 12 and serviced as a unit.

It is also to be noted that the seat 25 for the valve is at the end of the guide so that accurate centering of the valve is insured and that the closing spring acts on'that portion of the stem that projects above the guide and as this portion is relatively short the valve stern length need not lb'emuch greater than the length of its guide I,so that the overall length of the valve may, -in the case ofgsmall high speed'engines, be short :and this reduces the weight of the mov- -ing parts andhence permits of a quick opening and closing movement of the valve. In the case` of the` form shown in'Fig. 8 it will be noted that, vas thelever 40 lifts the valve against the action of the spring 54, this spring `moves -or tends to move away from its engagement with the lever 40 but since under the conditions the initial engagement of the lever 40 with the valve has been maintained any lost motion hasbeen taken up so that the spring 54 insures the operative engagement between said leverY and valve and prevents play between these parts.

I desire it to be understood that this invention is not to be limited to any particular form or arrangement of parts except in so far Vas such limitations are included in the claims.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. In an electromagnetically-operated valve, the combination of a fluid containing casing comprising casing members detachably secured together to provide a fluid tight casing and having communicating longitudinally extending passages, a valve mounted in said passages and controlling the passage of fluid therethrough, one of said casing members having a seat for said valve and a-valve guide portion, a multiplying lever pivotally supported by said last named casing member and having one arm operatively connected to the valve and its other arm extending substantially lengthwise of the valve in the passage of the other casing member and provided with an armature, spring means to close the valve, said lever and spring means being carried by said first namedmcasingmember and removable therewith as a unit from the other casing member, and an electromagnet having a pole portion disposed in the Wall of said casing in operative relation with said armature.

2. In an electromagnetically-operated valve, the combination of a valve imit comprising a casing section having a valve guide portion and a valve seat, a valve working in said guide portion and controlling the flow of fluid past said seat, a multiplying lever pivotally supported on said casing section and having a short arm operatively connected to said valve and a longer arm provided with an armature, spring means to close the valve and means to prevent play between said lever and valve, and a casing section having a passage in which that part of said unit carrying the lever is disposed, an electromagnet having a pole portion mounted in said last named casing section in operative relation with said armature, and means for connecting said casing sections together in fluid tight relation.

3. In an electromagnetically-operated valve, the combination of ya fluid containing casing, a control valve working in said casing and controlling the passage of fluid therethrough, a part of said casing having a valve guide portion and a slotted portion adjacent said guide portion, a multiplying lever. pivotally mounted inv said slotted portion and having one arm operatively connected to said valve and its other arm ex? tending adjacent one side of said valve, a spring between said guide portion and lever to prevent play between said lever and valve, means to close the valve, an armature operatively connected to the last named arm of said lever, and an electromagnet having a pole portion mounted in said casing in operative relation with said armature. l

4. In an electromagnetically-operated\ valve, the combination of a'casing including a casing member having a valveV guide portion'and Ya slotted portion, a Vmultiplying lever pivotally mounted to work in said slotted portionand hav- 150 (si t naailone arm and a Short' arm-an .armature 011 the long arm of said lever,A a second. casing` member. surrounding Said slotted portion and vsaid lever and having iluid tight connection With said rstpjnamed casing membeiyvanelectromagnet having a pole portion mounted in said second casing member in operative relation to saidarmature, a valve having its stem slidably mounted in said guide portion and controlling the.v passage of iiuid through said casing and provided with a stop engaged by the short arm of said lever; and a spring to close said valve. v f 5. In an electromagnetically-operated valve, the combination` of a casing comprising separate contiguous casingrmembers detachably secured together to provide a fluid tight casing with a longitudinally extending passage, a valve mountedin said passage and controlling the passage of fluid therethrougna mutiplying lever pivotally mounted to Work wholly Within said Lcasing and having one arm operatively connected to said valve and its other arm extending alongsidethe stem of saidv valve,r one of said lcasing members projecting into another of said Acasing members and providing a support for said lever and a guidefor said valveg-spring means on last named casingrnember to close said valve, an armature as* sociated with the-last named arm of said lever, and an .operating electromagnet having a pole portion disposed in said'casingin operative relation to said armature.: Y I

, 6. In `an electromagnetically-operated valve, the combination of a iluidy containing casing, an inwardly opening control valve Working lin said casing and controlling the passage of fluid there-v through, a multiplying lever mounted to work in said casing andoperatively connected to said valve and provided with an armature, a single spring means to close said valveand also .pre-

vent play' between said lever and valve, and an `operating' electromagnet having a pole portion disposed in said'casing in operative vrelationlto saidjarmature. j

. 7. In an electromagnetically-operated valve, the com bination of a valve unit including 'a casing 'member provided with a lvalve'guide' portion and a sea-tat'cne end of vsaid guide portion, a needle valve slidably mountedin said guide portion and controlling vpassage of: fluid past said seat and having itsstem projecting 'beyond said guide por# 'tion, a multiplying lever.V pivctallyfmounted. on-

said 'casing member and engageable with the projecting stem of said 'valve-and'provided Withy an armature, and spring means carried by said `member and engageable with 'that portion of the valve projecting beyond said guidek portion to close the valve, acasing section enclosing 'that part of the unit having said lever andspring means' mounted thereon and removablyconnected- -l l the combination ofa valve unit including a casing member provided with a valve guide'portion and` aseat, an inwardly-opening valve Working in said guide portion and controlling the passage of fluid pastsaid seat and having its stem projecting be- .jyond said guide portion, a multiplying lever operatively connected* with-said valveA and provided with an armature,` means ,to take up play -in the connectionfbetween said lever and valve, a spring ing .a pole portion disposed in said,last named casingA section in operative relation to said arma.-y ture. A, ,j

19,. In vanr electromagneticallyoperated valve, the combination of a valve unit including a casing member provided with'a valve guide portion and 'a seat, aneedle valve Working in said guide por-v tion and controlling the passage of uid past said seatand -having a part projecting beyond said guide portion, a ilatspring mounted on said casing member and engageable with the projecting part 'of the valve to close the valve, and a multiplying lever pivotally mounted on -said casing member and engageable with theprojecting part ofA the ,valvey and provided with an armature, a casing section enclosing that part of the unit having'said lever and spring mounted vthereon a'nd'removably connected with the casing member'of the unit, and an electromagnet having a pole portion'disposed in said'last named casing sectionin operative relation to said armature. 10. In an electromagnetically-operated'valve, the combination vof a valve unit including a casing member provided With a valve guide portion and a seat, a valve Working in said guide portion and controlling the passage of fluid past said seat and having a part projecting beyond said guide portion, a fiat spring mounted on said casing member and provided with bifurcations engageable with the projecting part if the valve to close the valve, and a multiplying lever pivotally mounted on said casing member and engageable with the valve andprovded with an armature, a casing section enclosing 'that part of the unit having said lever and spring mounted thereon and removably connected'with the casing member ofv the unit, and an electromagnet having a pole portion disposed in said last named casing section in operae tive relationfto said armature.

l1.v In an electromagnetically-operated valve, the combination of a valve unit including a casing member provided with a valve guide portion and a seat, a needle valve Working in said' guide portion and controlling the passage of Iluid past said seat and havinga part projecting beyond said guide portion, a multiplying lever pivotally mounted 'onsaid casing member and engageable With the valve and provided with an armature, and a flat spring carried by said casing member engageable With the valve to close the same and operatively connected'with said lever to take up play between said lever and valve, a casing sec-v tion enclosing that part of the unit having said lever and spring mounted thereon and removably connectedl with the casing member of the unit, and an electromagn'et having a pole portiondisposed in said last named casing section inoperative relation to said armature. n *Y 12. In an electromagnetically-operatedivalve, the combination of a Valve unit including a casing meansv provided With avalve guide portion'and a seat, 'a valve Working in said guide portion and controlling the passage of fluid past said seat, said valve' providedwith an adjustable stop, means to close the Valve, a multiplying lever mountedl on saidpasing means and havinga short armv engageable with said stopand a long arm provided With an armature, and means for assisting the operator. `in adjusting the relation 'Qfsaid stop and lever for regulating` v.the lift of thejvalve,

mounted on the stem of the valve and act as a wrench in the adjustment of said stop member relative to the valve stem.

14. An electromagnetically-operated valve as specified in claim 11 wherein the at spring is bifurcated with its bifurcated portions engaging both the Valve and the lever.

LOUIS O. FRENCH.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,969,742. August 14, 1934.

LOUIS O. FRENCH.

lt is hereby eztfied that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered pafcnt requiring correction as follows: Page 1, line 103, before "recess" insert seat; page 2, line 29, before the syllable "mem" insert valve; page 4, line 110, claim l0. for "if" read of; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 11th day of September, A. D. 1934.

Leslie Frazer (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

